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Tag: Abuse Or Misuse of Process of Court

Sivaraman Nair and Ors Vs State of Kerala and Anr on 24 Apr 2026 – Judgement Summary

Posted on April 29 by Suprajaa Rajan

In Sivaraman Nair & Ors. v. State of Kerala & Anr., the Supreme Court examined whether criminal proceedings for offences under Sections 498A, 494 read with 34 IPC (now corresponding provisions under Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS)) could be sustained against the husband’s relatives in the absence of specific allegations.

The case arose from an FIR alleging dowry harassment, cruelty, and bigamy. While detailed accusations were made against the husband, the allegations against the in-laws were largely general, vague, and based on their familial relationship.

The accused-appellants approached the High Court under Section 482 CrPC (now Section 528 BNSS) seeking quashing of proceedings, but the High Court refused. On appeal, the Supreme Court re-evaluated whether the continuation of proceedings amounted to abuse of process of law.

The Court ultimately held that mere presence, passive knowledge, or general allegations are insufficient to prosecute relatives in matrimonial disputes. Consequently, it quashed proceedings against the in-laws while allowing the case against the husband to continue.

“21. That the inherent powers of the Court under section 482 CrPC are to be exercised ‘to prevent the abuse of the process of any court or otherwise to secure the ends of justice.”

“24. The FIR does not attribute to them any specific act of demand, threat, or physical assault on any identifiable occasion.”

“25. Accused-appellant no. 3, the sister-in-law, is alleged to have received money for the purchase of a flat from the proceeds of the sale of gold, but no specific act of cruelty or coercion on her part has been alleged.”

“26….the complainant is required to prima facie prove the overt act or omission of the accused persons in the second marriage ceremony. The prosecution has failed to provide any cogent evidence to establish such overt act or intention on part of the accused-appellants.”

“27. However, such inferential knowledge, without more, is insufficient to satisfy the threshold established in S. Nitheen (supra), which requires evidence of an overt act or omission. While it has been alleged that the accused-appellants were aware of the second marriage, mere knowledge that an act is being or has been committed by another person does not, by itself, establish the requisite common intention.”

Decision

The Supreme Court allowed the appeal and held that:

  • Proceedings against the in-laws lacked specific, credible allegations necessary to constitute offences under Sections 498A and 494 IPC (read with Section 34 IPC) [BNS equivalents].
  • The continuation of such proceedings would amount to abuse of process of law under Section 482 CrPC (Section 528 BNSS).
  • Mere familial relationship, presence, or passive knowledge does not establish criminal liability.
  • No material existed to show active participation in the alleged second marriage, a requirement for Section 494 IPC.

Accordingly, the Court quashed the criminal proceedings qua the accused-appellants (in-laws) while leaving the case against the husband unaffected.


Sivaraman Nair and Ors Vs State of Kerala and Anr on 24 Apr 2026

Citation : 2026 INSC 412

Other Sources :


Index of Quash judgements is here.


Related Legal Concepts

Explore related remedies and procedural safeguards in criminal law:

  • Abuse of Process of Law
  • First Information Report (FIR)
  • Quashing of FIR
  • Inherent Powers of High Court

 


Key Contributor :
Mrs. Suprajaa Rajan B.Com., LL.B., LL.M.
+91-9606345150


 

Posted in Supreme Court of India Judgment or Order or Notification | Tagged 2-Judge (Division) Bench Decision Abuse Or Misuse of Process of Court CrPC 482 - Quash Matrimonial disputes law Matrimonial Litigation India Sivaraman Nair and Ors Vs State of Kerala and Anr | Leave a comment

Charul Shukla Vs State of UP and Ors on 25 Mar 2026 – Judgment Summary

Posted on April 5 by Suprajaa Rajan

In Charul Shukla vs State of U.P. & Others (2026), the Supreme Court set aside the Allahabad High Court’s refusal to quash criminal proceedings against the complainant’s sister-in-law and parents-in-law. The case alleged offences under Sections 498A, 323, 354 IPC and Sections 3 & 4 of the Dowry Prohibition Act.

The Court carefully examined whether the allegations—filed after a delay of over six years—were supported by material evidence. It found that the accusations were largely vague, omnibus, and unsubstantiated, particularly against relatives who were either living separately or were senior citizens.

“21. At the same time, the said allegations also have to be juxtaposed with the fact that the complaint was registered by the complainant only on 15.11.2023 i.e. after a delay of more than six years and seven months from the alleged dowry demand. The prosecution has failed to put forth any sufficient cause for such delay and this casts aspersions on their story. At this juncture, we find it apposite to underline the importance of taking an early recourse to pursue and prosecute criminal complaints.”

“22. Time and again, this Court has observed that merely stating certain vague and omnibus allegations without any cogent material evidence to support the same should not become a fillip to jump-start the criminal machinery of the State.”

“23. Upon bare perusal of the Chargesheet No.01/2024 and the medical examination report annexed thereto, no offence under Section 313 of IPC has been made out. The attached medical examination report fails to ascribe or delineate any particular injury that relates to or supports the claim of the complainant either. We must hasten to add that upon completion of the investigation, the investigating officer also deemed it fit to drop the charges under Section 313 of IPC against the accused/appellants.”

“24. It would not be out of place to mention that the delay of almost seven years between the alleged incident and lodgment of the FIR has not been explained sufficiently by the complainant.”

“25. It is merely stated that the father- in-law held her hands and tried to commit obscene acts with her. The complainant has failed to elaborate upon said ‘obscene acts’ allegedly committed by him. It is trite that the FIR cannot be an encyclopaedia of the events but even upon the perusal of the chargesheet as presented by the investigation officer, the counsel for prosecution/State has not been able to substantiate or discern any substantive material in support of the allegation under Section 354 of IPC. At this juncture, it would not be out of place to mention that the complainant herself has failed to enter appearance in the present proceedings despite service of notice upon her. The said non-appearance, despite the service of notice being complete upon her, inevitably draws our attention towards an adverse inference that the complainant herself is indifferent and uninterested in contesting the said appeals.”

Decision

Importantly, the Court emphasized that:

  • Mere allegations without supporting evidence cannot justify criminal prosecution.
  • Delay in lodging FIR, especially in matrimonial disputes, must be satisfactorily explained.
  • Courts must guard against misuse of criminal law to harass family members.

Applying the principles laid down in Bhajan Lal, the Court concluded that continuing the proceedings would amount to abuse of process of law and quashed the FIR and all consequential proceedings against the appellants.


Charul Shukla Vs State of UP and Ors on 25 Mar 2026

Citation : 2026 INSC 297

Other Sources :


Index of Quash Judgements is here. 


Related Legal Concepts

Explore the relevant concepts;

  • Abuse of process of Law
  • Cruelty under IPC
  • Cognizable and Non-cognizable offences
  • Quashing of Fir

 


Key Contributor :
Mrs. Suprajaa Rajan B.Com., LL.B., LL.M.
+91-9606345150


 

Posted in Supreme Court of India Judgment or Order or Notification | Tagged 2-Judge (Division) Bench Decision Abuse Or Misuse of Process of Court Charul Shukla Vs State of UP and Ors CrPC 482 – IPC 498A Quashed Dowry Prohibition Act 1961 DP Act 3 - Giving Abeting to Give Taking Abeting to Take are offences DP Act 4 - Dowry Demand Not Proved | Leave a comment

Asha G Vs State of Karnataka on 6 Jan 2026 – Judgement Summary

Posted on April 1 by Suprajaa Rajan

498A IPC: Karnataka High Court Quashes Case Against Neighbour Under CrPC 482 (BNSS 528)

In Asha G Vs State of Karnataka, the High Court of Karnataka addressed a crucial legal issue regarding the misuse of Section 498A IPC in matrimonial disputes.

The petitioner, who was merely a neighbour of the complainant, sought quashing of criminal proceedings under Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) (now BNSS Section 528). The allegations against her were limited to instigating the husband, without any direct involvement in matrimonial cruelty or dowry harassment.

After examining the complaint and charge sheet, the Court observed that:

  • The petitioner was not a relative of the husband.
  • Allegations were vague and omnibus, lacking specific acts.
  • Inclusion of the petitioner amounted to misuse of criminal law.

Consequently, the Court held that continuing proceedings against the neighbour would be an abuse of process of law, and therefore quashed the case against her.

“The name of this petitioner is nowhere found except contending that she has instigated the husband… otherwise the petitioner would not fit into the definition of family as is obtaining under Section 498A of the IPC.”

“Neighbours of the husband’s family are not relatives of the husband and cannot be implicated for offences under Section 498A of the IPC.”

“Permitting further proceedings against this petitioner would become an abuse of the process of the law and result in miscarriage of justice.”


Asha G Vs State of Karnataka on 6 Jan 2026

Index of Quash Judgments is here. 


Related Legal Concepts

  • Quashing of FIR
  • Relative under Section 498A IPC
  • Abuse of Process of Law
  • False Implication in Matrimonial Disputes
  • Requirement of Specific Allegations in FIR/Charge Sheet

 

Key Contributor :

Mrs. Suprajaa Rajan B.Com., LL.B., LL.M.

+91-9606345150

Posted in High Court of Karnataka Judgment or Order or Notification | Tagged 1-Judge Bench Decision Abuse Or Misuse of Process of Court Asha G Vs State of Karnataka CrPC 482 - Quash CrPC 482 – IPC 498A Quashed Matrimonial Criminal Law Matrimonial dispute Misuse of Section 498A of IPC Quashing of FIR | Leave a comment

Tushar Sampat Mane and Ors Vs State of Maharashtra on 8 Aug 2025 – Judgment Summary

Posted on March 26 by Suprajaa Rajan

The Bombay High Court in Tushar Sampat Mane and Ors Vs State of Maharashtra on 8 Aug 2025 held that courts must quash criminal proceedings when allegations fail to meet the legal threshold of cruelty under Section 498A IPC. The Court found that the allegations were exaggerated, omnibus, and not grave in nature.

It further observed that prior knowledge of the husband’s medical condition weakens claims of suppression. Additionally, routine marital discord or trivial disputes cannot amount to cruelty.

Therefore, the Court concluded that continuation of criminal proceedings would amount to abuse of process of law.


“5. Therefore, either the case may come under Explanation (a) or Explanation (b) or in some cases it may be both. But such cruelty then should be of a grave nature.”

“5. Now, except the statement of informant there is nothing in the charge sheet. The Investigating Officer has not even taken care to make inquiry with the neighbours of applicants regarding the treatment given by applicants to informant.”

“5. Making annoying statements that informant was not wearing proper clothes, was not able to cook food properly, cannot be said to be acts of grave cruelty or harassment.”

“7. When the relationship gets strained, it appears that exaggerations are made.”

“7. When everything was disclosed prior to the marriage and allegations are omnibus or of not so grave for befitting in the concept of cruelty contemplated under Section 498-A of the Indian Penal Code, it would be an abuse of process of law if the applicants are asked to face the trial.”

Decision

The Court allowed the criminal application. It quashed Regular Criminal Case under Sections 498A, 323, 504, 506 read with Section 34 IPC (corresponding provisions under BNS).

The Court held that allegations lacked gravity and specificity. It further held that continuation of proceedings would amount to abuse of process of law.


Tushar Sampath Mane and Ors Vs State of Maharashtra on 8 Aug 2025

Citation :2025:BHC-AUG:21166-DB

Other Sources :


Index of Quash Judgment u/s 482 Cr.P.C is here.


Related Legal Concepts

Explore related stages and concepts in criminal procedure:

  • Meaning of cruelty under Criminal law
  • Omnibus Allegations in matrimonial cases
  • Dowry Demand and Harassment
  • Matrimonial Disputes vs Criminal Liability

 

 


Key Contributor : 

Mrs. Suprajaa Rajan B.Com., LL.B., LL.M.

+91-9606345150

Posted in High Court of Bombay Judgment or Order or Notification | Tagged 2-Judge (Division) Bench Decision Abuse Or Misuse of Process of Court CrPC 482 - Quash Summary Post Tushar Sampat Mane and Ors Vs State of Maharashtra | Leave a comment

Abuzar Ahmed and Ors Vs State of Karnataka and Anr on 8 Jan 2026

Posted on February 17 by ShadesOfKnife

The High Court of Karnataka quashed criminal proceedings initiated under Section 498A and Section 504 of the IPC, read with Sections 3 and 4 of the Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961.

The Court examined the complaint in detail. It found that the allegations described routine marital disagreements. They did not disclose grave cruelty or a specific unlawful dowry demand.

The Bench clarified an important principle. Section 498A IPC does not criminalise incompatibility or ordinary wear and tear of marriage. Criminal law cannot become a tool in matrimonial discord.

The following paragraphs formed the core reasoning of the Court:

Para 8

“A careful reading of the complaint reveals grievances such as dietary restrictions, expectations regarding attire, allocation of household responsibilities, disagreements over television preferences laced with a statement that the husband treated the complainant/wife as his servant. These allegations even if accepted at face value, portray a portrait of marital discord, but falls woefully short of depicting the statutory cruelty contemplated under Section 498A of the IPC.”

Para 8 (continued)

“If this is the complaint against the husband and in-laws, it cannot but be held that it is an abuse of the process of law, as minor skirmishes that happens in the family between the husband and the wife are projected to become a crime for offences punishable under Section 498A of the IPC or even under Section 504 IPC.”

Para 9

“The law does not criminalize incompatibility, nor does it punish imperfect marriages. Section 498A of the IPC is not a panacea for all matrimonial ills. It is a targeted provision meant to address grave cruelty, conduct so wilful and pernicious so as to imperil life, limb or mental health or even harassment tethered to unlawful demands of dowry.”

Para 12

“The present case forms, as observed hereinabove, a classic illustration of the said abuse. The Apex Court, in such cases, holds that the offence should be nipped in the bud by interfering under Section 482 of the Cr.P.C.”

Para 26

“The allegations of cruelty, mental harassment and voluntarily causing hurt have been made with a mala-fide intent with vague and general allegations… It is neither expedient nor in the interest of justice to permit the present prosecution to continue.”


Abuzar ahmed Vs State of Karanataka on 8 Jan 2026

Citation :

Other Sources :


Key Contributor :
Mrs. Suprajaa Rajan
B.Com., LL.B., LL.M.
Contact : 9606345150

Posted in High Court of Karnataka Judgment or Order or Notification | Tagged Abuse Or Misuse of Process of Court Abuzar ahmed and Ors Vs State of Karnataka CrPC 482 – Criminal Proceeding Quashed cruelty under IPC Dowry Harassment law Dowry Prohibition Act 1961 Matrimonial disputes law Quashing of FIR Section 482 CrPC Section 498A IPC | Leave a comment

Anu Aggarwal Vs Sushant Aggarwal on 20 Jan 2026

Posted on January 31 by ShadesOfKnife

A single judge bench of Punjab and Haryana High Court held as follows,

From Paras 5 and 6, (Lies about adopting a child!)

5. The evidence brought on record clearly demolishes the case now being sought to be set up by the petitioner. The petitioner had taken a plea that she had adopted a child, who happens to be the daughter of her real sister; however, she has specifically admitted in her cross-examination that the respondent had never given his consent for the said adoption. Admittedly, neither there is any documentary evidence or ceremony performed for the alleged adoption, nor any application was moved to change the details in the official records of the said child to demonstrate that the petitioner’s name was recorded or shown as the mother and the respondent’s name was recorded as a father of the said child.
6. The above-said fact clearly demonstrates the mala fide intent of the petitioner to mislead the Court and seek undue sympathy, which stand belied by her own admissions during cross-examination.

From Paras 7 and 8, (Multiple sources of Income)

7. Further, as regards her entitlement for maintenance, the petitioner has concealed the material facts that she was duly recorded as an employee of Markanda Oil Store. Though it has been vehemently argued by the counsel for the petitioner that the petitioner was never an employee of the said firm, however, in her cross-examination she admitted that she had availed various medical insurance benefits on the basis of the entries recorded in Markanda Oil Store, showing her as an employee. Moreover, the petitioner was also working as a teacher in a school, namely St. Joseph School, Ambala City; however, she failed to disclose the same in her affidavit of income and expenditure.
8. Furthermore, the petitioner has admitted that she holds various Kisan Vikas Patras and a Public Provident Fund account, wherein, the account balance exceeds Rs. 15 lakhs. Apart from these accounts, the petitioner also maintains other bank accounts, which were duly considered by the learned Trial Court, which clearly demonstrate that there was no distress or immediate financial hardship necessitating the grant of maintenance to the petitioner. Admittedly, the petitioner deliberately concealed these facts from the Court. She further admitting a separate salary account with Axis Bank, however, she neither produced proof thereof nor disclose the balance lying therein. Despite a specific suggestion being put to her, she knowingly withheld details regarding her income.

From Paras 10 and 11, (Surprise surprise!)

10. It is indeed strange that while earlier the petitioner was drawing a salary of Rs. 18,000/- per month but now she claims to be earning only Rs. 12,200/- per month, which appears highly improbable. This conduct clearly reflects an attempt to abuse the process of law merely to keep the respondent-husband entangled in continuous litigation and to extract money at her own convenience by misusing the judicial process.
11. The concept of grant of maintenance has been introduced to protect the dignity of women; however, it can’t be permitted to be used as a tool for unjust enrichment. The rising number of false and frivolous cases being filed today not only defeats the very object of the law but also inadvertently undermines a woman’s self-respect, dignity, and self-reliance. The petitioner cannot be permitted to play hide and seek with the Court and abuse the process of law. In the absence of any material to demonstrate that the petitioner is in dire need of financial assistance or maintenance, the very filing of the petition amounts to an abuse of the process of law.

From Para 12, (Settled proposition of law)

12. It is settled proposition of law that maintenance under Section 125 Cr.P.C. is payable only when the wife is unable to maintain herself. The Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of “Chaturbhuj v. Sita Bai”, (2008) 2 SCC 316 has categorically held that a wife having sufficient independent income or means is not entitled to maintenance. This principle has been reiterated and streamline in “Rajnesh v. Neha”, (2021) 2 SCC 324 wherein, the Hon’ble Supreme Court emphasized full disclosure of income and assets and clarified that Section 125 Cr.P.C. is a measure to prevent destitution and not a source of unjust enrichment.

From Para 13,

13. Moreover, Section 125 Cr.P.C. has been enacted with a specific purpose to protect women and children and to prevent vagrancy and destitution among them. It provides speedy remedy to the destituted and helpless women to establish their claim, it was incumbent upon the petitioner to prove that she is unable to maintain herself and her child but in the present case, the petitioner has concealed her employment and claimed his husband is earning handsome amount, her conduct in suppressing relevant information from the Court and the fact that she is not only qualified but is capable of earning good money. Furthermore, this Court also observed that when a person approaches a Court, he/she should approach the Court not only with clean hands but also with clean mind, clean heart and clean objective. No litigant has a right to draught on the Court’s time and public money in order to get his/her affairs settled in the manner, he or she desires. Therefore, this Court does not find any error in the impugned order passed by the learned Family Court. Moreover, the petitioner has also failed to bring on record any cogent evidence to demonstrate that she was living separately from her husband on account of any situation created by the respondent-husband.

Anu Aggarwal Vs Sushant Aggarwal on 20 Jan 2026

Citations: [2026:PHHC:002754]

Other Sources:

 


Index of Maintenance Judgments u/s 144 BNSS is here.

Posted in High Court of Punjab & Haryana Judgment or Order or Notification | Tagged 1-Judge Bench Decision Abuse Or Misuse of Process of Court Anu Aggarwal Vs Sushant Aggarwal Catena of Landmark Judgments Referred/Cited to CrPC 125 or BNSS 144 - Maintenance Denied Legal Procedure Explained - Interpretation of Statutes Misuse of Women-Centric Laws Perjury - Not Initiated Suo Moto Reportable Judgement or Order | Leave a comment

Lakshmayya Vs M.Shivalingamma and Anr on 04 Mar 2024

Posted on January 11 by ShadesOfKnife

A single judge of Karnataka High Court at Kalaburagi bench held as follows,

From Para 7,

7. On examination of the materials placed by the petitioner i.e., the health card issued by the concerned authority, reveals that the name of the wife of the petitioner is shown as Adilakshmi and name of this petitioner’s son as D. Vamshi Krishna and they are residing in Pesalabanda, D.No.1/207/1, Pesalbanda (VS), Pesalabanda (V), Adoni (M), Kurnool district. This document is not disputed by the other side as the respondent No.1 has remained absent as per the order dated 14.09.2023. The impugned order passed by the Family Court does not reveal that whether the respondent No.1 has complied mandatory provisions under Order VI Rule 14A of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 or not. Keeping in mind the non-compliance of mandatory provisions of Order VI Rule 14A of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 and also the address shown in the health card issued by the concerned authorities to the present petitioner, it is just and proper to set aside the exparte order passed by the Family Court and remand the matter to the Family Court by providing an opportunity to the petitioner to file his statement of objection. Accordingly, the petitioner has made out a ground to set aside the exparte order passed by the Family Court and remand the matter to the Family Court. Accordingly, I answer point No.(i) in the affirmative.

Lakshmayya Vs M.Shivalingamma and Anr on 04 Mar 2024

Citations: [2024:KHC-K:1930]

Other Sources:

https://www.casemine.com/judgement/in/67c61f046d1ac4155ace7a2a


Index of maintenance judgments u/s 144 BNSS is here.

Posted in High Court of Karnataka Judgment or Order or Notification | Tagged 1-Judge Bench Decision Abuse Or Misuse of Process of Court CPC Order 6 Rule 14A - Address for service of notice Lakshmayya Vs M.Shivalingamma and Anr Misuse of Women-Centric Laws Non-Reportable Judgement or Order | Leave a comment

Vijay Kumar and Ors Vs State of Rajasthan on 08 Jan 2026

Posted on January 9 by ShadesOfKnife

A division bench of Supreme Court was ‘surprised‘ for the delays in disposing petitions by High Courts, after granting relief of stay… hehe…

It is funny these Judges were earlier High Court judges and they know all to very well, why.

From Para 15,

15. The Criminal Revision Petition filed by the petitioners in the year 2003 came to be taken up for hearing by the learned Single Judge of the High Court on 24-8-2023, i.e., after about 20 years.

From Paras 21-25,

“21. We would like to know first and the foremost why it took 23 years for the High Court to take up the Criminal Revision Petition filed by the petitioners for hearing, more particularly when the subject matter of challenge in the Criminal Revision Petition was an order framing charge in a very sensitive and serious trial like one of dowry death.”

“22. We would like to examine the entire record of the proceedings. We are saying so because we are perturbed by the fact that despite an interim relief operating, why the matter was not taken up for hearing at the earliest.”

23. “We direct the Registrar General of the High Court of Rajasthan to forward the entire record with all the order sheets by a Special Messenger to this Court at the earliest.”

24. “We would also like to know from the Registrar General of the High Court as to how many Criminal Revision Petitions came to be heard and disposed of between 2001 and 2026. We want the High Court to provide us with a break up of how many criminal revision petitions were filed in the year 2001 and how many came to be disposed of. We want this break up right up to the year 2026.”

25. “We would also like to know how many times the Criminal Revision Petition filed by the petitioners – herein in the High Court was notified for hearing from the date of its filing till the date it came to be dismissed.”

From Paras 26 and 27,

26. We would also like to know from the State as to what steps it took as the prosecuting agency to get the Criminal Revision Petition filed by the petitioners heard at the earliest.
27. Why during this interregnum period of 23 years, the State of Rajasthan kept quiet and did not take any steps to get the Criminal Revision Petition heard and decided on merits.

From Paras 29 and 30,

29. If criminal trials in such serious offences remain pending for years together on the strength of interim orders passed by the High Courts, it would lead to nothing but mockery of justice. Justice has to be done with all the parties. Justice cannot be done only with the accused persons. Justice has to be done even with the victim and the family members of the victim. Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.
30. In this regard, we request the Chief Justices of all the High Courts to ensure that the petitions wherein interim orders are passed holding up the trials should be immediately taken up for hearing, more particularly in sensitive and serious matters like murder, dowry death, rape etc.

From Para 35,

35. Let a copy of this order be transmitted to Secretary Generals/Registrar Generals of all the High Courts so as to have the same placed before the Hon’ble Chief Justices.


Next hearing on 15-1-2026.


Vijay Kumar and Ors Vs State of Rajasthan on 08 Jan 2026

Index of Judgments pertaining to Right to Speedy Trial here.


 

Posted in Supreme Court of India Judgment or Order or Notification | Tagged 2-Judge (Division) Bench Decision Abuse Or Misuse of Process of Court Judiciary Antics Right to Speedy Trial Vijay Kumar and Ors Vs State of Rajasthan | Leave a comment

Rekha Sharad Ushir Vs Saptashrungi Mahila Nagari Sahkari Patsansta Ltd on 26 Mar 2025

Posted on November 23, 2025 by ShadesOfKnife

A division bench of the Apex Court held (again!) as follows,

From Para 11,

11. It is settled law that a litigant who, while filing proceedings in the court, suppresses material facts or makes a false statement, cannot seek justice from the court. The facts suppressed must be material and relevant to the controversy, which may have a bearing on the decision making. Cases of those litigants who have no regard for the truth and those who indulge in suppressing material facts need to be thrown out of the court.

From Para 15,

15. It is pertinent to note that in the counter to the present appeal, the respondent has not denied the receipt of the letters dated 28th November 2016 and 13th December 2016. The complaint and affidavit in support of the complaint only refer to the notice dated 15th November 2016 issued by the advocate for the appellant to the respondent. What is stated in the complaint reads thus:
“……………………………………………………..
[D] The notice sent on the first address has been received on 15.11.2016. However, from the second address, envelope has been returned on 15.11.2016 with the postal remark as ‘left’.”
However, the respondent suppressed the letters dated 28th November 2016 and 13th December 2016 in the complaint and its statement on oath.

From Para 18 and 19,

18. The fact remains that in the complaint, the respondent has suppressed the reply dated 28th November 2016 and the letter dated 13th December 2016 sent by the appellant’s advocate. These two documents have also been suppressed in the statement on oath. The respondent made out a false case that the appellant did not reply to the demand notice. Moreover, the case that the documents as demanded were supplied is not pleaded in the complaint and statement under Section 200 of CrPC.
19. If these two letters were disclosed in the complaint, the learned Magistrate while recording the statement under Section 200 of CrPC, could have always questioned the respondent on the supply of documents to the appellant. What is important is that in the reply dated 28th November 2016, the appellant had reserved her right to give a reply to the demand notice after receiving the documents. It was the respondent’s duty to supply documents to the appellant or her advocate to enable the appellant to properly reply to the demand notice. At least, the inspection of documents could have been provided to the appellant. After noticing the fact that notwithstanding service of two letters written by the appellant, relied upon documents were not provided to the appellant, the learned Magistrate could have dismissed the complaint by exercising power under Section 203 of CrPC, as the appellant could not have replied to the statutory notice without looking at the documents relied upon.

From Para 21,

21. While filing a complaint under Section 200 of CrPC and recording his statement on oath in support of the complaint, as the complainant suppresses material facts and documents, he cannot be allowed to set criminal law in motion based on the complaint. Setting criminal law in motion by suppressing material facts and documents is nothing but an abuse of the process of law.

Rekha Sharad Ushir Vs Saptashrungi Mahila Nagari Sahkari Patsansta Ltd on 26 Mar 2025

Citations: [2025 INSC 399], [2025 SCC OnLine SC641]

Other Sources:

https://indiankanoon.org/doc/120031673/


Index of Perjury Judgments is here.

Posted in Supreme Court of India Judgment or Order or Notification | Tagged 2-Judge (Division) Bench Decision Abuse Or Misuse of Process of Court Perjury - Wilful Omission or Supression of Material Information Reportable Judgement or Order | Leave a comment

Pradeep Kumar Kesarwani Vs State of Uttar Pradesh and Anr on 02 Sep 2025

Posted on September 10, 2025 by ShadesOfKnife

A division bench of Supreme Court held as follows in a false rape case,

From Para 13,

13. Having heard the learned counsel appearing for the parties and having gone through the materials on record, we are of the view that the Additional Chief Judicial Magistrate committed an error in passing the summoning order. The High Court too overlooked the relevant aspects of the matter while rejecting the Section 482 application. It is very apparent on a plain reading of the complaint, more particularly, considering the nature of the allegations that the same doesn’t inspire any confidence. There is no good explanation offered, why it took four years for the respondent no.2 to file a complaint.

From Para 20,

20. The following steps should ordinarily determine the veracity of a prayer for quashing, raised by an accused by invoking the power vested in the High Court under Section 482 of the Cr.P.C.:-
(i)Step one, whether the material relied upon by the accused is sound, reasonable, and indubitable, i.e., the materials is of sterling and impeccable quality?
(ii) Step two, whether the material relied upon by the accused, would rule out the assertions contained in the charges levelled against the accused, i.e., the material is sufficient to reject and overrule the factual assertions contained in the complaint, i.e., the material is such, as would persuade a reasonable person to dismiss and condemn the factual basis of the accusations as false.
(iii) Step three, whether the material relied upon by the accused, has not been refuted by the prosecution/complainant; and/or the material is such, that it cannot be justifiably refuted by the prosecution/complainant?
(iv) Step four, whether proceeding with the trial would result in an abuse of process of the court, and would not serve the ends of justice?
If the answer to all the steps is in the affirmative, judicial conscience of the High Court should persuade it to quash such criminal – proceedings, in exercise of power vested in it under Section 482 of the Cr.P.C. Such exercise of power, besides doing justice to the accused, would save precious court time, which would otherwise be wasted in holding such a trial (as well as, proceedings arising therefrom) specially when, it is clear that the same would not conclude in the conviction of the accused. [(See: Rajiv Thapar & Ors. v. Madan Lal Kapoor (Criminal Appeal No. 174 of 2013)]

Pradeep Kumar Kesarwani Vs State of Uttar Pradesh and Anr on 02 Sep 2025

Citations: [2025 LiveLaw (SC) 880]

Other Sources:

https://www.livelaw.in/sc-judgments/2025-livelaw-sc-880-pradeep-kumar-kesarwani-versus-the-state-of-uttar-pradesh-anr-303321

https://www.barandbench.com/news/litigation/supreme-court-quashes-false-rape-case-lays-down-four-step-test-to-quash-frivolous-criminal-complaints

https://lawbeat.in/supreme-court-judgments/sc-quashes-rape-complaint-filed-after-4-years-explains-when-promise-of-marriage-is-not-rape-1518116

https://www.theedulaw.in/content/judgements/235/Court-laid-down-a-structured-four-step-test-to-evaluate-applications-for-quashing-criminal-proceedings.-

https://www.courtkutchehry.com/pages/blog/supreme-court-unveils-four-step-test-to-quash-frivolous-criminal-cases/

SUPREME COURT FOUR STEP TEST FOR QUASHING PETITIONS CLARIFIES SECTION 482 CrPC

PRADEEP KUMAR KESARWANI VERSUS THE STATE OF UTTAR PRADESH (Supreme Court)

 


Index of Quash judgments is here.

Posted in Supreme Court of India Judgment or Order or Notification | Tagged 2-Judge (Division) Bench Decision Absurd Or After Thought Or Baseless Or False Or General Or Inherently Improbable Or Improved Or UnSpecific Or Omnibus Or Vague Allegations Abuse Or Misuse of Process of Court Delay or Unexplained Delay In Filing Complaint False Incest Or Rape Or Sexual Or Sexual Harassment Allegations Issued or Recommended Guidelines or Directions or Protocols to be followed Pradeep Kumar Kesarwani Vs State of Uttar Pradesh and Anr | Leave a comment

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