When to File Defamation for False Allegations – Legal Strategy

Introduction

False allegations in matrimonial and criminal disputes can seriously damage a person’s reputation, dignity, and social standing. While individuals often focus on defending the primary case, they may overlook an important remedy—defamation proceedings.

Therefore, when allegations are false, malicious, and harm reputation, the law allows the aggrieved person to initiate defamation action. However, timing and strategy play a crucial role in ensuring success.

This article explains when to file defamation for false allegations, along with relevant provisions under the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (CrPC) and the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS).

What Constitutes Defamation?

Defamation involves making a false statement that harms the reputation of a person.

Under Indian law:

Section 499 IPC (to be read with Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023) defines defamation
Section 500 IPC prescribes punishment

A statement amounts to defamation when:

It is false
It is made with intent or knowledge to harm reputation
It is communicated to a third person

Thus, not every allegation amounts to defamation—only those that are false and damaging.

Types of Defamation Remedies

You can initiate defamation proceedings in two ways:

1. Criminal Defamation

You can file a complaint before a Magistrate.

Relevant procedure:

Section 200 CrPC (Section 223 BNSS) – Filing of complaint before Magistrate

2. Civil Defamation

You can file a civil suit seeking damages (compensation) for reputational harm.

Both remedies can run simultaneously, depending on the strategy.

When Should You File Defamation?

Timing plays a critical role. You should not rush to file defamation immediately in every case.

1. When Allegations Are Clearly False

You should initiate defamation only when:

Allegations are demonstrably false
No supporting evidence exists
Statements are malicious in nature

If the matter is still under investigation, courts may advise caution.

2. After Filing of Chargesheet or Closure Report

It is often strategically advisable to wait until:

The police file a closure report, or
The chargesheet does not support the allegations

Relevant provision:

Section 173 CrPC (Section 193 BNSS)

At this stage, you can show that the allegations lack evidentiary support.

3. After Acquittal by Court

The strongest ground for defamation arises after acquittal.

Once the court acquits the accused, it establishes that:

The allegations were not proved
The prosecution failed to establish guilt

You can then rely on the judgment to initiate defamation proceedings effectively.

4. When False Allegations Are Made Publicly

If the complainant:

Publishes allegations on social media
Circulates defamatory statements
Makes public accusations

you can initiate defamation immediately, as publication is a key element.

Step-by-Step Legal Strategy

Step 1: Collect Evidence of Defamation

First, you must gather proof of:

False statements
Mode of publication
Harm caused to reputation

Evidence may include:

Social media posts
Emails or messages
Public complaints or notices

Step 2: Analyse Whether Exceptions Apply

The law provides exceptions to defamation, such as:

Statements made in good faith
Statements made for public good
Complaints made to lawful authorities

Therefore, you must ensure that the case does not fall within these exceptions.

Step 3: File Criminal Complaint

You can file a criminal complaint before the Magistrate under:

Section 200 CrPC (Section 223 BNSS)

The Magistrate may:

Record your statement
Examine witnesses
Issue process against the accused

Step 4: Consider Civil Suit for Damages

In addition to criminal proceedings, you may file a civil suit claiming:

Compensation for reputational harm
Damages for mental agony

This step strengthens your overall legal strategy.

Step 5: Prepare for Preliminary Evidence Stage

The Magistrate will examine whether sufficient grounds exist to proceed.

Relevant provisions:

Section 202 CrPC (Section 225 BNSS) – Inquiry by Magistrate

At this stage, you must present:

Supporting documents
Witness statements
Proof of publication

Strategic Considerations Before Filing

Before initiating defamation, you should consider:

Strength of evidence
Stage of the main criminal case
Possibility of settlement
Risk of counter-litigation

Filing defamation prematurely may weaken your case.

Judicial Approach

Courts recognise that false allegations can seriously harm reputation. At the same time, courts also protect:

Genuine complainants
Statements made in good faith

Therefore, courts strike a balance between:

Protecting reputation
Preventing misuse of defamation law

Conclusion

Defamation serves as an important legal remedy against false and malicious allegations. However, success depends on timing, evidence, and legal strategy.

You should ideally:

Wait for investigation outcome or acquittal
Collect strong documentary evidence
File complaint under Section 200 CrPC (Section 223 BNSS)
Consider both criminal and civil remedies

By adopting a strategic and evidence-based approach, you can effectively protect your reputation and seek legal redress.

Index of Legal Strategies and Defence is here.

Key Contributor :

Mrs. Suprajaa Rajan B.Com., LL.B., LL.M.

+91-9606345150

Defence Strategy When Elderly Parents Are Named in FIR

Posted on April 3 by Suprajaa Rajan

In matrimonial and family disputes, complainants often name multiple family members, including elderly parents, in a First Information Report (FIR). However, courts have consistently cautioned against the mechanical implication of relatives without specific allegations.

Therefore, when an FIR includes elderly parents, you must adopt a focused legal defence strategy. You should highlight the absence of direct involvement, lack of evidence, and misuse of criminal law provisions.

This article explains the legal remedies and defence strategies available when elderly parents are falsely implicated, along with relevant provisions under the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (CrPC) and the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS).

Understanding the Legal Position

The police register an FIR under Section 154 CrPC (Section 173 BNSS) when they receive information about a cognizable offence. After registration, the investigation begins, and all named persons may face legal scrutiny.

However, courts do not rely solely on allegations. Instead, they examine:

Specific acts attributed to each accused
Supporting evidence
The individual role of each person

In many cases, complaints contain general and vague allegations against elderly parents, which you can challenge at an early stage.

Step 1: Analyse the FIR Carefully

First, you must carefully examine the FIR. A strong defence always begins with identifying weaknesses in the complaint.

You should check:

Whether the FIR contains specific allegations
Whether it mentions dates, events, or overt acts
Whether allegations appear vague or omnibus

If the complaint lacks specificity, you can argue that it fails to disclose a prima facie case against elderly parents.

Step 2: Seek Protection from Arrest

Next, you should promptly seek protection from arrest by filing an anticipatory bail application.

You can file this application under:

Section 438 CrPC (Section 482 BNSS)

Courts generally adopt a lenient approach toward elderly parents, especially when:

They reside separately
They have no direct involvement
The allegations appear exaggerated

Additionally, courts consider age, health, and dependency factors while granting relief.

Step 3: Rely on Safeguards Against Arbitrary Arrest

You should also rely on statutory safeguards that prevent unnecessary arrests.

The police must issue a notice of appearance under:

Section 41A CrPC (Section 35 BNSS)

instead of making immediate arrests when the accused cooperates with the investigation.

Further, the Supreme Court in
Arnesh Kumar v. State of Bihar
directed authorities to avoid automatic arrests in matrimonial offences.

Therefore, elderly parents can use these safeguards to prevent unjustified detention and harassment.

Step 4: Gather Evidence Showing Lack of Involvement

After securing protection, you should collect evidence that demonstrates the absence of involvement.

You should gather:

Proof of separate residence
Medical records indicating age-related limitations
Travel records
Independent witness statements

This evidence helps establish that the allegations are false, exaggerated, or legally unsustainable.

Step 5: File for Quashing of FIR

If the FIR clearly lacks specific allegations, you should approach the High Court to quash the proceedings.

You can invoke:

Section 482 CrPC (Section 528 BNSS)

The High Court may quash proceedings when:

Allegations are vague or omnibus
No specific role is attributed
Continuation of proceedings amounts to abuse of process

Courts frequently grant relief to elderly parents in such circumstances.

Step 6: Seek Discharge at Chargesheet Stage

If the police file a chargesheet, you should consider filing a discharge application.

Relevant provisions include:

Section 239 CrPC (Section 263 BNSS) – Warrant cases
Section 227 CrPC (Section 250 BNSS) – Sessions cases

You can argue that:

No evidence exists against elderly parents
The chargesheet fails to establish involvement
The case relies on assumptions rather than proof

If the court agrees, it may discharge the accused at this stage.

Step 7: Challenge Mechanical Implication of Relatives

Courts consistently discourage the practice of implicating all family members without distinction.

Therefore, you should emphasize:

Absence of specific allegations
Lack of direct interaction with the complainant
No supporting evidence

This approach aligns with judicial principles that prevent misuse of criminal law in matrimonial disputes.

Step 8: Maintain a Consistent Defence Strategy

Finally, you must maintain a consistent and structured defence throughout the proceedings.

You should:

Avoid contradictory statements
Cooperate with the investigation
Present documentary evidence at each stage

A consistent defence strengthens credibility and improves the chances of relief.

Judicial Approach

Courts recognise that false implication of elderly parents can lead to serious injustice and misuse of the legal process.

Therefore, courts often:

Grant anticipatory bail
Quash proceedings where appropriate
Discharge accused in absence of evidence

This balanced approach ensures that only genuine cases proceed to trial.

Conclusion

When elderly parents are named in an FIR, the law provides multiple safeguards to protect them from unjust prosecution.

You should:

Analyse the FIR thoroughly
Seek anticipatory bail under Section 438 CrPC (Section 482 BNSS)
Invoke High Court powers under Section 482 CrPC (Section 528 BNSS)
File for discharge under Section 239/227 CrPC (Section 263/250 BNSS)

By adopting a structured legal strategy, you can effectively challenge false allegations and protect innocent family members.

Index of Legal Strategies and Defence is here.

Related Legal Concepts

Explore related stages and concepts in criminal procedure:

First Information Report
Anticipatory Bail
Quashing of FIR
Discharge of an accused
Inherent powers of High Court

Key Contributor :
Mrs. Suprajaa Rajan B.Com., LL.B., LL.M.
+91-9606345150

What to Do After Chargesheet Is Filed – Defence Strategy

Posted on March 31 by Suprajaa Rajan

Once the police complete the investigation, they file a chargesheet before the Magistrate. At this stage, the case formally moves from investigation to trial. Therefore, it becomes crucial for the accused to understand the next legal steps, available remedies, and defence strategies.

Many individuals assume that filing of a chargesheet means the case is proven. However, that is incorrect. A chargesheet only reflects the opinion of the investigating agency, and the court independently evaluates whether sufficient grounds exist to proceed.

This article explains what to do after a chargesheet is filed, along with the corresponding provisions under the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (CrPC) and the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS).

What Is a Chargesheet?

A chargesheet is a report filed by the police after completing the investigation under:

Section 173 CrPC (Section 193 BNSS)

It contains:

Details of the allegations
Evidence collected during investigation
List of witnesses
Documents relied upon by the prosecution

Once filed, the court examines whether a prima facie case exists against the accused.

Step 1: Obtain and Review the Chargesheet

After the chargesheet is filed, the accused should immediately obtain a copy of:

Chargesheet
Witness statements
Documents relied upon

The court supplies these documents under:

Section 207 CrPC (Section 230 BNSS)

At this stage, you must carefully analyse:

Whether allegations are specific or vague
Whether evidence supports the accusations
Whether contradictions exist in witness statements

A detailed review helps build an effective defence strategy.

Step 2: Consider Filing a Discharge Application

If the chargesheet does not disclose a prima facie case, the accused can file a discharge application.

Relevant provisions include:

Section 239 CrPC (Section 263 BNSS) – Warrant cases
Section 227 CrPC (Section 250 BNSS) – Sessions cases

The court may discharge the accused if:

Evidence is insufficient
Allegations are inherently improbable
No offence is made out even if allegations are accepted

This is one of the most crucial defence remedies after filing of chargesheet.

Step 3: Challenge the Proceedings Before High Court

In appropriate cases, the accused may approach the High Court to challenge the chargesheet.

This power is exercised under:

Section 482 CrPC (Section 528 BNSS)

The High Court may quash proceedings if:

The case is malicious or false
No offence is disclosed
Continuation of proceedings amounts to abuse of process

However, courts exercise this power sparingly and only in exceptional cases.

Step 4: Prepare for Framing of Charges

If the court does not discharge the accused, it proceeds to the next stage:

Framing of charges

Relevant provisions:

Section 240 CrPC (Section 263 BNSS)
Section 228 CrPC (Section 251 BNSS)

At this stage:

The court formally states the accusations
The accused pleads guilty or claims trial

Therefore, it is important to prepare legal arguments to show that charges should not be framed in the first place.

Step 5: Plan Trial Strategy

Once charges are framed, the case proceeds to trial. At this stage, the defence must shift focus to trial preparation.

Key steps include:

Analysing prosecution evidence
Identifying contradictions in witness statements
Preparing cross-examination strategy
Collecting defence evidence

A strong trial strategy ensures that the prosecution is put to strict proof of its case.

Step 6: Cross-Examination of Prosecution Witnesses

Cross-examination plays a decisive role in criminal trials.

The defence must:

Test the credibility of witnesses
Expose inconsistencies
Challenge exaggerated or false claims

Effective cross-examination can significantly weaken the prosecution’s case.

Step 7: Consider Compounding or Settlement (If Applicable)

In certain offences, the law allows compounding of offences.

Relevant provision:

Section 320 CrPC (Section 359 BNSS)

Additionally, in matrimonial disputes, parties may opt for:

Settlement agreements
Mediation
Mutual consent divorce

In such cases, the accused may also seek quashing of proceedings before the High Court.

Step 8: File Written Arguments and Final Defence

After completion of evidence, the defence must present:

Written arguments
Legal submissions
Case law supporting acquittal

At this stage, the court evaluates whether the prosecution has proved the case beyond reasonable doubt.

Key Defence Considerations

While handling a case after filing of chargesheet, the accused should keep the following points in mind:

A chargesheet does not mean conviction
Courts independently assess evidence
Early legal strategy can significantly impact the outcome
Consistency in defence is crucial throughout proceedings

Therefore, adopting a structured and timely legal approach is essential.

Read also : Legal Templates and Drafting here.

Conclusion

The filing of a chargesheet marks a critical transition from investigation to trial. However, it also opens multiple legal remedies and defence strategies for the accused.

By:

Carefully reviewing the chargesheet
Filing discharge applications where appropriate
Challenging proceedings before higher courts
Preparing a strong trial strategy

the accused can effectively defend the case.

Ultimately, criminal law requires the prosecution to prove its case beyond reasonable doubt. Therefore, a well-prepared defence can ensure that justice is based on evidence rather than allegations.

Index of Legal strategies and Defence is here.

Key Contributor :

Mrs. Suprajaa Rajan B.Com., LL.B., LL.M.

+91-9606345150

Can You Travel Abroad After an FIR Is Registered? – Legal Position Explained

Posted on March 12 by Suprajaa Rajan

A common concern among individuals facing criminal allegations is whether they can travel abroad after a First Information Report (FIR) has been registered against them. The answer depends on several factors, including the stage of the investigation, court orders, and whether any restrictions have been imposed by law enforcement authorities.

Under Indian law, registration of an FIR does not automatically prohibit a person from travelling abroad. However, certain legal and procedural circumstances may restrict international travel. Therefore, it is important to understand the legal framework governing such situations.

This article explains the legal position regarding foreign travel after registration of an FIR, the role of investigating agencies, and the remedies available before courts.

Understanding the Nature of an FIR

An FIR is the first step in the criminal justice process. It is a document recorded by the police under
Section 154 of the Code of Criminal Procedure
when information regarding the commission of a cognizable offence is received.

The purpose of an FIR is to initiate investigation by the police. Importantly, registration of an FIR does not amount to proof of guilt, nor does it automatically impose restrictions on the liberty of the accused.

Therefore, merely because an FIR has been registered does not mean that a person loses the right to travel abroad.

Situations Where Foreign Travel May Be Restricted

Although the law does not automatically prohibit travel, certain circumstances may lead to restrictions.

1. Issuance of a Look Out Circular (LOC)

Investigating agencies may request the authorities to issue a Look Out Circular (LOC) when they believe that a person may attempt to evade investigation or leave the country.

A Look Out Circular alerts immigration authorities at airports and border checkpoints to detain or inform investigating agencies if the person attempts to travel abroad.

LOCs are usually issued in serious criminal matters or where the accused is absconding or avoiding investigation.

2. Court-Imposed Travel Restrictions

Courts often impose travel restrictions when granting bail. For instance, while granting bail under
Section 438 of the Code of Criminal Procedure
or
Section 439 of the Code of Criminal Procedure,
the court may direct the accused not to leave the country without prior permission of the court.

Such conditions are imposed to ensure that the accused remains available during the investigation and trial.

3. Seizure of Passport

In some cases, courts may direct the accused to deposit their passport with the investigating officer or the court. This prevents the accused from travelling abroad without obtaining permission.

However, courts may allow temporary release of the passport if sufficient reasons are shown.

4. Pending Investigation in Serious Offences

In serious criminal cases involving large financial frauds, economic offences, or national security concerns, investigating agencies may request restrictions on foreign travel.

Courts examine whether the accused may evade the legal process or influence the investigation before deciding whether such restrictions are justified.

Judicial Approach Toward Personal Liberty

Indian courts have repeatedly emphasised that personal liberty must not be restricted unnecessarily.

The Supreme Court in
Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India
recognised that the right to travel abroad forms part of the right to personal liberty under Article 21 of the Constitution.

Therefore, restrictions on international travel must be reasonable, lawful, and proportionate.

Courts generally balance two competing interests:

The individual’s right to personal liberty, and
The state’s interest in ensuring proper investigation and trial.

Seeking Court Permission for Foreign Travel

If travel restrictions have been imposed, the accused may apply to the court seeking permission to travel abroad.

Courts typically consider several factors before granting such permission, including:

Nature of the allegations
Stage of investigation or trial
Past conduct of the accused
Purpose of travel (employment, medical reasons, family obligations, etc.)

If the court is satisfied that the accused will return and cooperate with the proceedings, it may allow travel subject to certain conditions.

Conditions Commonly Imposed by Courts

When permitting foreign travel, courts may impose safeguards such as:

Providing travel itinerary and contact details
Furnishing additional sureties
Depositing security amount
Undertaking to return within a specified period

These conditions ensure that the accused remains accountable to the court while exercising the right to travel.

What to Do if You Are Stopped at the Airport

In some situations, individuals may discover the existence of a Look Out Circular only when they are stopped at the airport.

If this occurs, the person may:

Contact the investigating officer to clarify the situation.
Approach the appropriate court to seek directions.
Challenge the Look Out Circular before the High Court if it is unjustified.

Courts have, in several cases, set aside LOCs where they were issued without proper justification or legal necessity.

Practical Legal Advice

If an FIR has been registered and you intend to travel abroad, it is advisable to:

Consult a lawyer before making travel arrangements
Verify whether any court order restricts travel
Confirm that no Look Out Circular has been issued
Seek court permission if required

Taking these steps in advance can help avoid unexpected legal complications at immigration checkpoints.

Conclusion

Registration of an FIR does not automatically bar an individual from travelling abroad. However, travel may be restricted if a Look Out Circular has been issued, the court has imposed conditions while granting bail, or the passport has been seized during investigation.

Indian courts recognise that the right to travel abroad forms part of personal liberty, and therefore restrictions must be justified by legitimate legal concerns.

Consequently, individuals facing criminal proceedings should ensure compliance with legal requirements and, where necessary, seek court permission before travelling internationally.

Index of Legal Strategies and Defence is here.

Key Contributor :

Mrs. Suprajaa Rajan B.Com., LL.B., LL.M.

+91-9606345150

False Domestic Violence Allegations – Legal Defence Strategy in India (A complete guide)

Posted on March 9 by Suprajaa Rajan

False allegations of domestic violence can have serious legal, social, and professional consequences. While the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 was enacted to protect women from genuine abuse, courts have also acknowledged that misuse of legal provisions may occur in certain cases.

Therefore, when a person faces false or exaggerated domestic violence allegations, it becomes crucial to adopt a structured legal defence strategy. A well-planned approach can help demonstrate the truth, challenge unsupported allegations, and protect the rights of the accused.

This article explains the legal framework governing domestic violence cases in India and the practical defence strategies that can be used when allegations are false or misleading.

Understanding Domestic Violence Law in India

The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 provides civil remedies to women who experience abuse within a domestic relationship. The law allows courts to grant several types of relief, including:

Protection orders
Residence orders
Monetary relief (maintenance)
Compensation orders
Custody orders for children

Proceedings under the Act are usually conducted before a Magistrate Court and are meant to provide quick protection and relief to the aggrieved person.

However, because the law is broad in scope, allegations are sometimes exaggerated or unsupported by evidence. In such cases, the respondent must present a strong factual and legal defence.

Common Situations Where False Allegations Arise

False domestic violence allegations often emerge in the context of ongoing matrimonial disputes. For instance, such complaints may arise during:

Divorce proceedings
Maintenance disputes
Property conflicts between spouses
Child custody battles

In some situations, the complaint is filed as a litigation strategy to gain leverage in matrimonial negotiations. However, courts generally examine the credibility of allegations and the supporting evidence before granting relief.

Step 1: Carefully Examine the Domestic Violence Complaint

The first step in defending a false case is to analyse the complaint in detail.

Important aspects to examine include:

Specific allegations made against the respondent
Dates and locations of alleged incidents
Whether the allegations are vague or inconsistent
Whether other family members are unnecessarily implicated

Often, false complaints contain generalised accusations without specific details, which can be challenged before the court.

Step 2: Gather Documentary and Electronic Evidence

Evidence plays a critical role in defending domestic violence allegations. Therefore, the respondent should collect all relevant documentation that may contradict the claims.

Useful evidence may include:

Messages, emails, and call records
Photographs or videos
Travel records showing absence from the alleged location
Financial documents
Medical records

Such evidence can demonstrate that the alleged incidents did not occur or were misrepresented.

Step 3: Identify Contradictions in the Allegations

In many false cases, the complaint may contain inconsistent statements or factual contradictions.

For example:

Conflicting timelines of alleged incidents
Claims that contradict documentary evidence
Statements that differ from earlier complaints or legal pleadings

During cross-examination, highlighting these inconsistencies can significantly weaken the credibility of the allegations.

Step 4: Demonstrate the True Nature of the Relationship

Another important defence strategy is to present the actual circumstances of the marital relationship.

This may involve demonstrating:

Peaceful interactions between the spouses
Continued communication after the alleged incidents
Social or family events attended together

Such evidence can indicate that the relationship did not reflect the pattern of abuse alleged in the complaint.

Step 5: Challenge Monetary Relief or Maintenance Claims

Domestic violence complaints frequently include requests for monetary relief or maintenance.

However, courts consider:

The financial capacity of both parties
Existing maintenance orders in other proceedings
The actual needs of the claimant

Guidelines laid down in Rajnesh v. Neha require both parties to disclose income, assets, and liabilities to prevent exaggerated financial claims.

Step 6: Seek Discharge or Dismissal Where Appropriate

If the allegations are clearly baseless, the respondent may request the court to dismiss the complaint or drop certain respondents.

Courts often discharge family members who are falsely implicated without specific allegations.

Additionally, higher courts have repeatedly cautioned against the mechanical implication of multiple relatives in matrimonial disputes.

Step 7: Approach Higher Courts for Relief

In cases where the complaint is clearly malicious or legally unsustainable, the respondent may approach the High Court for relief.

Under Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure – High Courts possess the authority to quash proceedings that amount to abuse of the legal process.

However, this remedy is generally used only when the allegations do not disclose any offence even if accepted at face value.

Importance of Legal Representation

Domestic violence cases often involve complex factual disputes and emotional allegations. Therefore, it is essential to obtain competent legal representation.

An experienced lawyer can:

Analyse the complaint strategically
Identify weak points in the allegations
Present documentary evidence effectively
Conduct cross-examination to expose inconsistencies

Professional legal assistance ensures that the defence is structured, credible, and legally sound.

Judicial Approach Toward Misuse of Matrimonial Laws

Indian courts have acknowledged concerns about misuse of certain matrimonial provisions. In the landmark case of Arnesh Kumar v. State of Bihar,
the Supreme Court emphasised the need to prevent unnecessary arrests in matrimonial disputes.

Such judicial observations highlight the importance of balancing the protection of genuine victims with safeguards against misuse of the law.

Conclusion

False domestic violence allegations can place an individual under significant legal and personal pressure. Nevertheless, courts rely heavily on evidence, consistency of statements, and factual credibility when evaluating such complaints.

Therefore, an effective defence strategy should focus on:

Careful examination of allegations
Strong documentary and electronic evidence
Identification of inconsistencies in the complaint
Demonstrating the true nature of the marital relationship

By presenting a clear, evidence-based defence, respondents can ensure that courts arrive at a fair and balanced decision based on facts rather than unverified allegations.

Index of Legal Strategies and Defence is here.

Key Contributor :

Mrs. Suprajaa Rajan B.Com., LL.B., LL.M.

+91-9606345150